GIVING INSTRUCTIONS

Giving instruction   is an expression that is used in order that other person does w

hat we instruct or rquest.

The difference between request  and instructions.

Instruction  ( also called imperatives )

Instruction require the person receiving them to do something or to do stop doing  it. Instructions are one of the few types  of english sentences that do not need a subject. The subject is usually “you” ( understood ). If  there is any doubt who should do the instruction , the “naming” from-the vocative is used.

Requests

Request are often questions, though indirect requests may not be. Sometimes an instruction is changed into a requests by the addition of please or a question tag. To make a requests more polite we might use the subjunctive from of the verb. Very often english request are indirect. Instead of asking someone to do something. The speaker asks if the person is able to do it. Therefore modals of ability ( can,may etc )are very often used.

Asking for Instructions

How do you (do this)?

How do I . . . ?

What is the best way to . . . ?

How do I go about it?

What do you suggest?

How do you suggest I proceed?

What is the first step?

Giving Instructions

Sequencing

First, (you) . . .

Then, (you) . . .

Next, (you) . . .

Lastly, (you) . . .

Starting out

Before you begin, (you should . . .)

The first thing you do is . . . .

I would start by . . .

The best place to begin is . . .

To begin with,

Continuing

After that,

The next step is to . . .

The next thing you do is . . .

Once you've done that, then . . .

When you finish that, then . . .

Finishing

The last step is . . .

The last thing you do is . . .

In the end,

When you've finished,

When you've completed all the steps,

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ANNOUNCEMENT

Announcement is something said,written,or printed to make know that has happened or ( more often ) what will.

In writing an announcement, keep the following pants the title / type or event, date / time,and contact person.

We can find  announcement an television,radio,news paper,wall magazine in school, etc.

Characteristic of announcement:

*use simple present tense or simple future tense often enticement.

Example of announcement

PEMBERITAHUAN

Kepada seluruh calon pengunjung
Dunia Fantasi Jakarta bahwa pada:

Hari/Tanggal: Jumat, 13 Juni 2008
Dunia Fantasi Jakarta

TUTUP
Karena akan digunakan untuk acara
ulang tahun Igar yang ke-12
Dunia Fantasi akan dibuka lagi pada tanggal 14 Juni 2008 pukul 10.00 WIB

Mohon maaf atas ketidaknyamanan ini dan terima kasih atas perhatian anda.

ANNOUNCEMENT

This Sunday, 17^th of August 2009 is the independence day

Don’t miss the independence day festival !!! the festival begins at 08.00 in every district in Palangkaraya City. Gather in front our school at 07.30 to see the parade with the pricipal. Don’t miss it!!! And join many contests at school. Free registration, full of prizes!!!

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Recount Text

-         a recount  tells readers what happened to someone.

Structure : 1. a scene setting opening

                      2. a recount of the events that happened

                      3. a closing statement

Langguage : it uses past tense

                         The events are put  into chronological order

                          It uses action words

Example:

Note : this is my storry, and realy story.

Sick

Last week, I felt dizzy . my bodies felt sick. I had dronk paracetamol, but I stayed felt dizzy and my bodies was sick.

Then, my father to delivered me go to doctor. Finished, I sick malaria, DBD, and tipes. Doctor gave me medicine and now, I had healty

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Narative Text

Narative is story in there problems and solution.

Caracteristic of langguage :

• use along time, ago,once upon time.

And use simple past tense.

Structure : a scene setting opening

                      Problems or complication

                      The problems or complications are resolved

Langguage : it is written in thrid person

                         The events are in chronological order

                        It uses dialogue

Example :

• story snow white
• cinderella
• princess mermaid

etc

generic structure :

*orientation : sets the scene and introduces the participant

*evaluation : a steping back to evaluate the pligh

*complication : a crisis arises

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Procedure Text

Procedure text is to give someone instruction about some thing ia achieved through a sequence of steps.

Structure of the text :

        Goal : the final purpose of doing the instructions

       Materials : ingredients,utensils,equipment to do the instructions

       Steps : a set of instructions to achieve the final purpose.

Langguage Features:

                   Use simple present often imperative sentences

                   Use or temporal conjunction

                   Action verbs

EXAMPLE

How to Make Orange Tea

Ingredients: 1 orange, sweet tea, soda drink (use uncoloured soda), and ice.
Utensils: Jug, knife, spoon, and drinking glass.
Method:
1. Cut the orange into circle shapes, try to cut it thinly.
2. Put the cut orange and ice into jug.
3. Pour the soda drink into the jug.
4. Add the already prepared sweet tea.
5. Stir the ingredients in the jug well.
6. After pouring the orange tea in a glass, you can decorate the brim of the glass with left over orange pieces.

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