Prepositions: In, On, and At

The prepositions in, on, and at can be used to indicate time and place. Notice how they are used in the following situations: PrepositionTimePlace InYear, Month, In 1999, In DecemberCountry, State, City In Japan, In Utah, InTaipei OnDay, Date On Saturday, On May 1Street On Main Street, On 1st Ave. AtTime At 8:00, At 7:30Address At 815 East Main Street In many languages, there is only one preposition for the above situations. In English there are three. Just remember that in usually indicates the "largest" time or place, and at usually indicates the "smallest" time or place. Examples: A: Where's your office? B: In Taipei, Taiwan. A: Really? What part of Taipei? B: It's on Chung Shan North Road. A: I know that area. Where exactly is it? B: It's at 105 Chung Shan North Road, next...

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Vocabulary around the house

Build Up : Attic =People store things in the attic.Ballroom =A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held. Box Room =A small room used for storage. Cellar =Underneath the house. Cloakroom =A small room where people put their coats. Conservatory = A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.Dining Room =A room where people eat. Drawing Room =A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.Games Room = A room in large houses where games are played. Hall = The entrance passage to a house.Larder =A...

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PASSIVE VOICE

In the passive sentence, the object of an active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb. Only transitive verbs are used in the passive. Intransitive verbs such as happen, sleep, come and seem cannot be used in the passive. When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following: • the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence • the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle) • the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped) Agent In a passive clause, we usually use a phrase beginning with by if we want to mention the agent - the person or thing that does the action, or that causes what happens. If you want to change an active sentence which has two objects into its passive...

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ASKING IF SOMEONE REMEMBERS OR NOT

Formal expressions: - I wonder if you remember..... - You remember...., don’t you? - You haven’t forgotten...., have you? - Don’t you remember.....? - Do you happen to remember it now? Ways to respond: - Let me think, yes, I remember. - I remember especially the scenery. - I’ll never forget that - I’ll always remember. - I can remember it clearly. Informal expressions: - Remember the old house we used to live in? - Remember that? - I’m sorry I don’t remember Ways to respond: - Hold on. Yes, got it! - I know..... - It’s coming back to me now. Respond if you forget: - Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten. - I’m affraid I forget. - I really can’t...

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Offering

Definition of Offering : 1. The act of making an offer. 2. Something, such as stock, that is offered. 3. A presentation made to a deity as an act of religious worship or sacrifice; an oblation. 4. A contribution or gift, especially one made at a religious service. Offering to older people: Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr. Green? Should I get you a bottle of water? Could I offer you a glass of lemonade, Mrs. Lina? Would you care for some salad ? Offering to friends: Want some? Have some. Chocolate? Glass of lemonade? Grab some for yourself. Would you like to have a pancake? Why don’t you have some lemonade? What can I get for you? What will you have? Accepting an offer: Thank you Yes, please I’d like it very much Thank you, I would That would be very nice Declining an offer: No,...

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Simple Future

Simple future tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau kejadian yang akan dilakukan pada masa yang akan datang. Kalimat simple future tense dapat dibentuk menggunakan will atau be going to. Pola I (will) (+) S + will + V1 (-) S + will + not + V1 (?) Will + S + V1 Pola II (will be + Adj/Adv/N) (+) S + will + be + Adj/Adv/N (-) S + will + not + be + Adj/Adv/N (?) Will + S + be + Adj/Adv/N Pola III (going to) (+) S + to be + going to + V1 (-) S + to be + not + going to + V1 (?) To be + S + going to + V1 Pola IV (going to + be + Adj/Adv/N) (+) S + to be + going to + be + Adj/Adv/N (-) S + to be + not + going to + be + Adj/Adv/N (?) To be + S + going to + be + Adj/Adv/N Contoh kalimat pola I: I will see you tomorrow.She will not come here next Sunday.Will Tom come tomorrow? Contoh...

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Finite Verbs

A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verb can form “ Independent clause “ which can stand by their own as complete sentences , an independent clause as a complete sentence. It contains themain subject and verb of a sentences. In English , only verbs in certain mood are finite These include : 1. Indicative mood : expressing a state of affairs. Dalam indicative mood, finite verb harus menggunakan varb, example : 1. The buldoser demolished the restaurant. 2. Ani is going to visit her mother in hospital. 3. He has waited his father since morning. 2. Imperative mood : Giving a command. Dalam imperative mood, finite verb tidak memerlukan subjek karena tanpa memakai subjek pun...

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Noun Phrases

Noun phrases atau frase nomina adalah frase yang terdiri dari nomina atau pronomina (sebagai head) dan modifiers. Modifiers yang biasanya menyertai nomina adalah: - determiners (articles, demonstratives, numbers, possessives, quantifiers) - adjectives, adjective phrases, adjective clauses - relative clauses Seperti halnya nomina, frase nomina juga mempunyai fungsi sebagai subjek atau objek dalam suatu kalimat. Perhatikan contoh berikut di bawah ini: - My coach is happy.- I like the cars over there. - The woman who lives there is my aunt. - Frankenstein is the name of the scientist not the monster. - I consider Meong my favorite cat. - Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves. - To read quickly and accurately is John’s goal. - Two of my guests have arrived. - Mr....

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news item

News item is to inform the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important. Is structure is: • Newsworthy Event(s): recounts the events in summary form • Background Event(s): elaborate what happened, to WHOM, in WHAT circumstances. • Sources: comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities’ expert on the event. Significant Grammar Features: Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline Generally using Simple Past Tense Use of Material Processes to retell the event Using Action Verbs, e.g.: were, run, go, kill, etc. Using Saying Verbs, e.g.: say, tell Focus on Circumstances Use of projecting Verbal Processes in Sources stages There are some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible. The passive voice is used...

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Introductory it

When the subject is an infinitive phrase, the sentence often begins with it. Instead of saying ‘To find fault with others is easy’, we say, ‘It is easy to find fault with others’. More examples are given below. It is easy to learn English. (More natural than ‘To learn English is easy’.) It was not easy to understand his motive. It may be advisable to consult a specialist. It could be dangerous to drive so fast. It was pleasant to sit on the beach. However, when we want to emphasize the infinitive phrase, it may be put at the beginning especially if it is short. To err is human. To withdraw now will be sheer folly. When the subject is a phrase that includes a gerund, it is used as a provisional subject to begin the sentence. Instead of saying ‘Your trying to deceive us is no good’, we may...

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Descriptive text

Descriptive text Descriptive text is available for a screen reader device to audibly describe a graph or map so a visually impaired user can understand the graphical information . Or to describe the characteristic of particular Person, thing , or place . * Textstructure: - Identification: Identifies thing, person, place, phenomenon to be described. - Description: Gives the information of particular thing, person, or  Place being discussed or describes parts, qualities, or Characteristic. * Language figures: a. Topic is usually about the attributes of a think. b. The use of think person pronoun forms is used. c. The use of focus specific human and non human participants. d. The use of reasoning expressed as verbs or noun. e. The use of material. f. The use of relation and mental...

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MODALS IN THE PAST FORM

Modals In The Past Form Modals in the Past form dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah kata bantu pengandaian dalam bentuk lampau. Modals in the past are : 1. Could 2. Would 3. Should 4. Shall *Could + Verb base We can use this expression : to offer suggestion or possibilities. Example : Dhina : I’m having trouble with math. Rizki : Why don’t you ask Nuri ? Perhaps she could help you. *Might + Verb base Use might to tell possibillities. Example : Helda : Why is Rio taking the bus to get home. Fany : He might get a flat time. *Would + verb base Use would for an action that was repeated regulary in the past. Example : Yoan : What did you usually do on holidays ? Lia : I would visit my grandparents In the village, but how not anymore. *Would + Mind + V-ing Use would to express polite request. Example...

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Narrative text

Narrative Text Someone tells a narrative text in order to entertain, stimulate emotion or to teach. A narrative text has three elements or parts : 1. The orientation introduces main characters in a setting of place and time. It tells about : the story’s setting , the time when the story happens, and the main characters of the story. 2. The complications tells the problems of the story and how the main characters solve them. Series of events ( It includes situations, activities, or events that lead to the climax or complication. ) 3. The Resolution tells the ending of the story (The complication or problem is solved here. It shows the end of the story, usually a happy ending ). A narrative text uses the simple past tense. EXAMPLE : The Prince and PrincessThere once was a prince who wanted...

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Asking For Information

Asking Information There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common: · Could you tell me…? · Do you know…? · Do you happen to know…? · I’d like to know… · Could you find out…? · I’m interested in… · I’m looking for.. These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone: · I’m calling to find out… · I’m calling about… Here are some sample phrases and sentences for asking information in English 1. What is this? This is a tableThis is a table 2. What is that? That is a chair. 3. What’s this? It’s a pen. 4. What’s that? It’s an apple. 5. What are these? These are pencils. 6. What are those? Those are books. 7. Where is Mr. King? He is over there. 8. Where is Ms. Knight? She’s (right) here. 9. Where’s Johnny? He’s...

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Invitation ( written )

INVITATIONS Most spore invitation are in the farm of question they often begin with will,would,would you like to,would you care to,etc Offerins invitation ->Would you like to come to the restaurant this evening? ->Will you join us? ->Would you care to have dinner with us tonight? ->Could you come to a party at my place tomorrow? ->I wander whether you would care to come on a picnic with us next week? Accepting invitation ->Yes,I’d love very much. ->Thank you. ->Yes,with pleasure. Reffusing ->If you don’t mind,i’d rather not. ->Thank you,i’m busy,may be next time. ->I have got another appointment. ->I’m sorry. ->I’ve...

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Surprise & Disbelief

Suprise & Disbelief A feeling that we feel when heard an amazing news which surprised and amazed us an expression  that we show/ say when we know /hear/see something that rather difficult to believe .Used to express something taht we cant or impossible. To express surprise or disbelief: What a surprise! That’s a surprise! (Well), that’s very surprising! Really? What? Are you serious? You must be joking! You’re kidding! Fancy that! I must say … surprises me. I  find that hard to believe. Suprising  amazement of something : Fantastic It’s great It’s terrific Wonderful ! What a lovely flowers ! Example of expressing  surprise: A: How can you say that? B: Well, that’s the fact. Example of expressing  surprise: A: I can’t believe it! B: That’s true. ...

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Direct speech & Indirect speech

Direct Speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech).We use quotation marks (“______________”) and it should be word for word.For example:Nicky said, “It’s hot”. Or “It’s hot,” Nicky said.Indirect speech refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word. Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech. The tense usually changes when reporting speech. This is because we are usually talking about a time in the past and obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past.The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too. ▪         Note:...

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1. GRATITUDE,COMPLIMENT & CONGRATULATION

1. GRATITUDE,COMPLIMENT & CONGRATULATION Several expressions of congratulating, complimenting, and  thanking:Congratulation ] is an expression that we use to give the congratulation utterance when he/she succeeds in doing something.Congratulating: Congratulations! Congratulations on your success! Happy birthday! Happy Lebaran Day/Happy led! Merry Christmas! Happy New Year! Happy Valentine! Happy anniversary! Expressing Let me congratulate you My congratulations on your success Pretty good Responding Thank you Thanks, I needed that It’s very kind of you to say that Do you really think so ? Compliment ] is an expression that we show or say to express/give praise. Some people use compliments to “butter up” somebody or to flatter in order to increase good...

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